Here
are a number of terminologies that you will come across when carrying out
research:
The
population is the large group of people on whom you are going to base the study
in. for example if your study is about child obesity in the US, then every
American child will be part of your population. In order to come up with a
definite population, one has to clearly define who they want to base their
study on. In research you cannot base your study on everybody in the world.
This is because the findings of your research will most likely be flawed.
The
sample is a small group of the population that is picked out scientifically to
represent the population.
2. Hypothesis
This
is defined as an academic guess. Note that it is an academic guess and not just
a lucky guess. It is a guess about what you expect to find after carrying out
the study. This is normally used in research involving numeric data. However,
it can also be use in descriptive research. For example, one can come up with a
hypothesis like, ‘over a million children in the US are obese’. After carrying
out the study, they will then be able to support or change their minds about
the hypotheses. The hypothesis normally
shapes the direction of the study. It gives the reader a clear focus of what
the study aims to achieve.
3. Research
problem
In
order to carry out any kind of research you have to identify a problem. Without
a problem there is no need for research. When one is coming up with a proposal
for a research study, they therefore need to clearly define what problem is in
existence that the study aims to solve or understand. The problem could be a
societal problem. For example, if there is an increase in the number of deaths
of children in America from weight related diseases, then there will be a need
to carry out a study to find out more about the problem of obesity among these
children.
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